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NEW QUESTION # 36
Which security issues exist for most publicly available Vagrant boxes? (Choose three correct answers.)
- A. Their whole file system, including configuration files, is writable by any user, including vagrant.
- B. They export their file system via NFS with full write permissions without any additional restrictions.
- C. They accept SSH logins from the user vagrant with the password vagrant.
- D. The vagrant user can use sudo to obtain root privileges without additional authentication.
- E. They accept SSH logins from the user vagrant with a publicly available SSH key pair.
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
Reference https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/boxes/base.html
* A. Many publicly available Vagrant boxes are configured to allow SSH logins for the user vagrant with the password vagrant, which poses a security risk.
* B. They also typically allow SSH logins using a default, publicly available SSH key pair for the user vagrant.
* C. The vagrant user is often configured to use sudo without requiring a password, granting root privileges easily, which can be exploited if unauthorized access is gained.
References:
* Vagrant Documentation - Boxes
* Vagrant Security Model
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the statements below are true about the volume created by the following command? (Choose two correct answers.)
docker run -v /data -ti debian
- A. The /data volume is discarded when the container terminates.
- B. The /data volume can be attached to another Docker container.
- C. The new /data volume contains a copy of the complete container's base image.
- D. The volume containing the container's rootfile system is retained until the /data volume is deleted.
- E. If the command is run a second time, another volume for /data is created.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
The correct answers to the question "Which of the statements below are true about the volume created by the following command? docker run -v /data -ti debian" are:
D). The /data volume can be attached to another Docker container.E. If the command is run a second time, another volume for /data is created.
When you run docker run -v /data -ti debian, Docker creates a volume for /data inside the container. This volume can be managed in the following ways:
* Volume Attachment: Volumes are designed to be shared between containers. The volume /data can be attached to other Docker containers, allowing them to read from and write to the same data store.
* Multiple Volumes: If you run the command again, Docker will create a new volume for /data, as volumes are specific to the container instance unless explicitly shared.
The other options are incorrect:
* A: The new volume does not contain a copy of the complete container's base image; it is an empty volume.
* B: The volume containing the container's root filesystem is not retained until the /data volume is deleted.
* C: Volumes are persistent and are not discarded when the container terminates unless explicitly removed.
References:
* Docker Documentation - Manage Data in Containers
NEW QUESTION # 38
How does Vagrant run virtual machines?
- A. Vagrant generates virtual machine images but does not provide a mechanism to run them.
- B. Vagrant has to be run within a running virtual machine which is not controlled by Vagrant.
- C. Vagrant uses so-called provides which control external hypervisors such as VirtualBox.
- D. Vagrant uses a vagrant-specific hypervisor called VagrantVM.
- E. Vagrant ships with an embedded version of VirtualBox.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following statements describes the principal concept behind test driven development?
- A. The only acceptable reason to write a test is to prevent fixed bugs from occurring again.
- B. Instead of testing software automatically, manual tests are performed and logged daily.
- C. Tests may not be written by the same development team that wrote the tested code.
- D. Tests are written before the function / method is implemented.
- E. All tests are generated automatically from the tested source code.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development process where tests are written before the code that needs to pass the tests is implemented. The principal concept behind TDD is to write a test for a new function or method, see it fail, then write the minimum amount of code required to make the test pass, and finally refactor the code while keeping the tests green.
* Write a Test: Before writing code, a developer writes a test for the desired function or method.
* Run the Test: The new test should fail initially because the function or method hasn't been implemented yet.
* Write Code: Implement the minimum code necessary to pass the test.
* Run Tests: Run all tests to ensure the new code passes and doesn't break any existing functionality.
* Refactor: Clean up the code while ensuring all tests continue to pass.
References:
* Test-Driven Development (TDD)
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which section of the Prometheus configuration defines which nodes are monitored?
- A. rules
- B. scrape_config
- C. targets
- D. listener
- E. nodes
Answer: B
Explanation:
In Prometheus, the scrape_config section of the configuration file defines how and which nodes (targets) should be scraped (monitored). This section specifies the endpoints Prometheus should scrape, the frequency of scraping, and any relabeling configurations.
* scrape_config: This is the correct section where you define the targets to be monitored by Prometheus.
The other options are incorrect:
* B. targets: This is part of scrape_config but not a top-level configuration section.
* C. rules: This section is used to define alerting and recording rules, not targets.
* D. listener: This is not a standard section in Prometheus configuration.
* E. nodes: This is not a standard section in Prometheus configuration.
References:
* Prometheus Documentation - Configuration
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following goals are favored by agile software development methodologies?
(Choose two correct answers.)
- A. Absolute planning adherence.
- B. Central governance and control.
- C. Self-organization of teams.
- D. Flexibility of processes.
- E. Long-term release and feature management.
Answer: D,E
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following statements are true about Jenkins? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. Jenkins includes a series of integrated testing suites.
- B. Jenkins only works on local files and cannot use SCM repositories.
- C. Jenkins can delegate tasks to slave nodes.
- D. Jenkins' functionality is determined by plugins.
- E. Jenkins is specific to Java based applications.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* B. Jenkins supports a master-slave architecture where the master node distributes build tasks to multiple slave nodes, thereby improving performance and enabling load balancing.
* D. Jenkins is highly extensible through plugins. Its functionality can be significantly enhanced by installing various plugins that support different tools, languages, and activities such as building, deploying, and automating tasks.
References:
* Jenkins Distributed Builds
* Jenkins Plugins
NEW QUESTION # 43
A recently installed application writes log data to /opt/app/log/info.log. If Filebeat is already installed and set up for communication with a remote Logstash, what has to be done in order to submit the log data of the new application to Logstash?
- A. Replace /opt/app/log/info.log by a symbolic link to /dev/filebeat and restart the new application.
- B. Add an additional input channel with the option source => "/opt/app/log/info.log" to the Logstash configuration.
- C. Configure logrotate to execute filebeat -I /opt/app/log/info.log 0 after each rotation of /opt/app/log/info.log.
- D. Add the log file to the path option within the log prospector in the Filebeat configuration and restart Filebeat.
- E. Add a new cron job that invokes filebeat -i /opt/app/log/info.log periodically.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer to the question "What has to be done in order to submit the log data of the new application to Logstash?" is:
C). Add the log file to the path option within the log prospector in the Filebeat configuration and restart Filebeat.
To configure Filebeat to submit log data from a new application log file, you need to update the Filebeat configuration to include the path to the new log file and then restart Filebeat.
* C. Add the log file to the path option within the log prospector in the Filebeat configuration and restart Filebeat: This involves editing the Filebeat configuration file to include the new log file path under the input section and then restarting the Filebeat service to apply the changes.
The other options are incorrect:
* A: Logstash configuration should not be directly modified for this purpose; it is handled by Filebeat.
* B: Logrotate is not involved in Filebeat's log shipping process.
* D: There is no need to create a cron job for this purpose.
* E: Using symbolic links to /dev/filebeat is not a standard or recommended approach.
References:
* Filebeat Documentation - Configuration
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which docker subcommand starts a new container? (Specify ONLY the subcommand without any path or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
docker start <container_id>
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/create/#parent-command
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which statements are true regarding databases during the deployment of a new release of a service using canary deployment? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. Traffic to the database will significantly increase because of the additional service instance.
- B. Changes to the database schema can take long and reduce the database performance.
- C. The database schema must be compatible to all running versions of a service.
- D. The database is locked while its content is copied to the canary database.
- E. Canary deployments require two synchronized instances of each database.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* C. When performing a canary deployment, the database schema needs to be compatible with both the new version and the old version of the service to ensure smooth operation and rollback if necessary.
* A. Modifying the database schema, especially in a large and complex database, can be time-consuming and may negatively impact performance due to the migration processes and locks required during the
* schema change.
References:
* Canary Deployments
* Database Schema Changes
NEW QUESTION # 46
CORRECT TEXT
Which Ansible command is used to manage and store sensitive data in encrypted files?
(Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
Answer:
Explanation:
ansible-vault
NEW QUESTION # 47
A service should be provided to arbitrary clients on the Internet using HTTPS. Any standard clients on the Internet should be able to consume the service without further configuration. Which of the following approaches can be used to Implement these requirements? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
- A. Generate self-signed certificates during the deployment of each backend server.
- B. Configure the web servers to not use a server certificate when serving HTTPS.
- C. Install a wildcard certificate and the respective private key on all the backend servers.
- D. Use a certificate issuing service to request certificates during each server deployment.
- E. Use a load balancer that decrypts incoming requests and passes them on m plain HTTP.
Answer: A,B,D
NEW QUESTION # 48
What does the command packer validate template.jsondo?
- A. The command verifies that all source images referenced in template.jsonare available and have valid cryptographic signatures.
- B. The command verifies that images generated previously by template.jsonstill use the most recent source images.
- C. The command verifies that all existing artifacts generated by template.jsonhave their original checksums.
- D. The command verifies that the file template.jsonis a syntactically correct and complete Packer template.
- E. The command verifies that the latest build of the template can be run without downloading additional images or artifacts.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Reference https://www.packer.io/docs/commands/validate.html
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following functions are provided by the Ansible apt module? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. Install a dpkg based Linux distribution on an empty target system.
- B. Update an installed package to the latest version.
- C. Re-compile an installed package from the source code.
- D. Update the list of available packages from configured repositories.
- E. Add the URL of a new repository to the package manager configuration.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Reference https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/apt_module.html
NEW QUESTION # 50
Given the following excerpt of a Dockerfile:
Run apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y fortunes && apt-get clean
Why are the multiple apt-get commands combined in one RUN statement instead of using multiple RUN statements?
- A. To execute the apt-get install command only if the apt-get update command was successful because Docker does not check the success of RUN statements.
- B. To execute both commands in the same container instance and void Docker to reset the container to the original base image.
- C. To ensure the execution order of the commands because Docker might evaluate the statements of a Dockerfile in any order.
- D. To prevent the commands from running in parallel because Docker executes all RUN statements in their own container at the same time.
- E. To avoid the creation of unnecessary images because Docker creates a new image for each RUN statement.
Answer: E
Explanation:
Combining multiple apt-get commands in one RUN statement avoids the creation of multiple intermediate images, which helps keep the image size smaller and the build process more efficient. Docker creates a new layer for each RUN instruction, so combining commands reduces the number of layers.
References: Docker Documentation - Best Practices for Writing Dockerfiles
NEW QUESTION # 51
If a Dockerfile references the container's base image without a specific version tag, which tag of that image is used to create the container?
- A. latest
- B. current
- C. lts
- D. default
- E. nightly
Answer: A
Explanation:
In Docker, if you reference an image without specifying a tag, Docker assumes the tag to be latest. The latest tag is used as the default tag for the most recent stable version of the image.
References:
* Docker Documentation - Images
NEW QUESTION # 52
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